Which of the following reflects unethical practices in life insurance?

Defamation and misrepresentation represent unethical practices in life insurance because these actions undermine the integrity and transparency that are essential in the insurance industry. Defamation involves making false statements about a competitor or entity, which can damage their reputation and mislead potential clients. Misrepresentation occurs when an agent provides false or misleading information regarding a policy's terms, benefits, or coverage, deceiving clients and potentially leading them to make uninformed decisions. Both actions violate ethical standards and regulations set forth to protect consumers and maintain trust in the insurance market.

In contrast, offering lower rates to long-term clients, while it could raise questions about fairness or discrimination, is generally not considered unethical as long as it aligns with company policies. Providing accurate health information and promoting policies transparently are both essential practices that strengthen consumer trust and ensure individuals make informed decisions about their insurance needs.